Strateji / 3.1.4 / by Tap4fun Trident Limited / 156.70M

Strateji / 1.9 / by Vine Gamers Inc. / 59.24M

Strateji / 1.1.19752 / by FunCraft Games / 195.20M

Strateji / v17.0.6 / by Socialpoint / 64.98M

Strateji / 1.91 / 68.00M

Strateji / 1.3 / 253.00M

Strateji / 2.7.0 / 46.31M

Strateji / 1.5.1 / by SimpleBit Studios / 143.60 MB

Strateji / 1.0.234 / by Pixel Federation Games / 60.00M

Strateji / 16.137.13 / by Supercell / 352.06M

Strateji / v60256021 / by Supercell / 75.13M

Strateji / 1.19.1 / 113.98M

Strateji / 2.1.40 / 137.05M

Strateji / 36 / by 47 Cloud 2023 / 58.5 MB

Strateji / 0.8.0 / 175.05M